Fraud Intelligence Newsletter

November 2009

Table of Contents

Phishing Trends Report for Q3 released
Zeus Trojan plus funds transfers mean big losses
APWG Phishing Activity Reports released
ISPs respond to growing pressure
Secret Service teams with Italy; Forms new task forces domestically


Upcoming Event Schedule


Jan 31 – Feb 3, BlackHat DC 2010 Briefings and Training, Arlington, VA

Feb 8 – 10, Credit Union Information Security Professionals Association (CUISPA) Annual Summit , Austin, TX.

Feb 15 – 18, Messaging Anti-Abuse Working Group (MAAWG) 18th General Meeting, San Francisco, CA.

March 1 – 5, RSA Conference, San Francisco, CA.

March 7 – 12, ICANN General Meeting No. 37, Nairobi, Kenya.  Rod Rasmussen will be attending as liaison for the APWG.

March 16 – 17, e-Crime Congress, London, UK.

April 12 – 14, Educause Security Professional Conference, Atlanta, GA

May 3 – 5, FS-ISAC, FSTC, BITS Annual Summit, St. Pete Beach, FL.

May 11 – 13, Anti-Phishing Working Group (APWG) Counter e-Crime Operations Summit 2010, São Paulo, Brazil.



Phishing Trends Report for Q3 released

Internet Identity released its Phishing Trends Report: An Analysis of Financial Fraud Threats for Third Quarter 2009.  Highlights of the report include:

  • Avalanche continued strong, comprising 36% of all phishing
- Several smaller banks targeted for the first time
- Avalanche phishing increased 70%
  • Attacks against government-controlled servers increased
- Worldwide, .gov domains were increasingly targeted
  • Top countries hosting non-Avalanche phishing attacks US hosted 46%
- South Korea climbed, overtook Germany in September
  • Number of attacked brands down slightly
- Banks remain targeted by over 50% of volume
  • Malware Lab: Analyzing the Avalanche-distributed Zeus malware
  • Front Line Report: Why “technical” takedowns are a dangerous idea

The full Phishing Trends Report may be downloaded in PDF format.

Zeus Trojan plus funds transfers mean big losses

The Zeus keystroke-logging Trojan has become the tool of choice in 2009 for some very successful criminals, leading to over $100 million in attempted losses as of October, according to the FBI. A public school district in Pennsylvania lost $700,000 in a two-day attack, and a county government in Kentucky lost $415,000 during a week-long attack.  In the Kentucky case, the Zeus-based attack circumvented the bank's multi-factor, out-of-band authentication and authorization scheme. Details about the attacks may be found in the following articles: "An Odessey of Fraud" and "The Pitfalls of Business Banking".

The Trojan enables the criminals to gain complete control of an infected computer, which they then use to impersonate the rightful owner and fraudulently authorize many high dollar value funds transfers, via ACH and traditional wire methods. More information about Zeus and other malware can be found in the following articles: "Crimeware: What I didn't know" and "Modern banker malware undermines two-factor authentication".

According to the Internet Crime Complaint Center (IC3) in an Intelligence Note released on November 3, the criminals have successfully exploited small and medium businesses, municipal governments, and school districts. 

The victimized institutions have tended to be local community banks and credit unions, many of which use third party service providers to process ACH transactions.  According to the IC3, "FBI interviews revealed that the threat stems not only from the malware involved in these cases, but the vulnerabilities presented by the lack of controls at the financial institution or third-party provider level.  For instance, in several cases banks did not have proper firewalls installed, nor antivirus software on their servers or their desktop computers. The lack of defense-in-depth at the smaller institution/service provider level has created a threat to the ACH system."

The main distribution method for this Zeus Trojan has been phishing-type e-mails and fake websites distributed and hosted by the Avalanche criminal group.  The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) has release a security advisory to all domain registrars about this attack vector. 


APWG Phishing Activity Reports released

The Anti-Phishing Working Group (APWG) released two reports in late September and early October, in advance of its General Meeting and eCrime Researchers Summit 2009 held in Tacoma, WA on October 19-21. Internet Identity was proud to serve as the Conference Planning Sponsor for the event.  By all accounts we have received, the Conference was enjoyed by all who attended.

The reports released included the Phishing Trends Reports - First Half 2009 and the Global Phishing Survey: Domain Name Use and Trends in 1H2009.  The Global Phishing Survey was co-authored by Rod Rasmussen, president and CTO of Internet Identity.

The reports are available for download in PDF format at the links below:

Phishing Trends Reports

Global Phishing Survey


ISPs respond to growing pressure

In early September, a federal jury in California levied a total of $32 million in damages from two Internet service providers that knowingly supported websites that were running illegal operations. The jury ruled that two ISPs knew about counterfeit Louis Vuitton goods that were being sold on their customers' sites, but didn't act quickly to deactivate those sites. Legal experts say the case could set an important precedent if companies can prove that an ISP knowingly supports criminal websites -- such as those used to commit fraud or copyright infringement -- but does not take them offline.

And later in September, Eric Davis, the head of Google's Anti-Malvertising team, urged ISPs to look beyond profits and take a more proactive approach to dealing with malware-infested computers on their networks. "The ISPs are in the best position to detected infected machines. They're in the best place to do something about malware.  They already have monitoring systems that could be used to identify signs of malware and botnet activity.   If they see abnormally high e-mail activity, that's most likely spam from a botnet," Davis said.

The ISP industry appears to be responding to the pressure.

In September, the Internet Industry Association of Australia drafted a new code of conduct that suggested ISPs contact, and in some cases disconnect, customers that have malware-infected computers.  The drafted code, which will not be mandatory, suggested ISPs take a four-step approach to protecting customers.

  • Identification of compromised computers
  • Contact affected customer
  • Provision of information and advice to fix the compromised system; and
  • A reporting function for alerting about serious scale threats, such as those, that may threaten national security.
 
In October in the Netherlands, 14 ISPs that comprise 98 percent of the consumer market there launched a joint effort to fight malware-infected computers and botnets. The effort will include:

  • Exchange of relevant information among the cooperating ISPs
  • Quarantine of infected computers
  • Notification of end users by their ISPs

Also in October, Comcast, the largest residential ISP in the U.S., announce the launch of a trial implementation of its new Constant Guard program, which delivers an in-browser notification "Service Notice", that will alert customers whose computers appear to be infected with a bot (or virus) and request that they go to the Anti-Virus Center and follow a set of instructions to assist with removing the bot from their computer and thereby prevent it from spreading to other users.

According to Jerry Upton, executive director of the Messaging Anti-Abuse Working Group, "The new Comcast safeguards are in line with industry best practices to help ISPs assist customers whose machines have been infected with malware.  By deploying the technology to detect bots on their subscribers' computers, Comcast is providing a service to their customers and contributing to safer messaging."

References:

Jury Exacts $32M Penalty From ISPs For Supporting Criminal Websites

Google exec calls for ISPs to get tough on botnets

Dutch ISPs Sign Anti-Botnet Treaty  

ISPs asked to cut off malware-infected PCs  

Comcast Unveils Comprehensive “Constant Guard” Internet Security Program 


Secret Service teams with Italy; Forms new task forces domestically      

On June 30, 2009, the U.S. Secret Service announced a new initiative with the Italian Postal Service to set up an international task force to combat cyber crime. The European Electronic Crime Task Force will investigate identity theft, hacking and other computer-based crime from a headquarters in Rome. The initiative will be open to contributions from other European countries, private IT operators and academic institutions.

On July 10, the Secret Service announce the expansion of its domestic Electronic Crimes Task Force (ECTF) program with the addition of three new ECTFs located in St. Louis, Kansas City, and New Orleans.  The program builds regionally-based public-private partnerships aimed at fighting high-tech and computer-based crimes. The types of investigations handled by the Electronic Crimes Task Forces encompass a wide range of computer-based criminal activity, including network intrusions, hacking cases, identity theft, and other computer related crimes affecting financial and other critical infrastructures.

The addition of these four new ECTFs brings the total number of such task forces to 28.